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cbrd8
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module11
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1992-03-24
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167 lines
NEW SET
A
We need food and we must be able to depend, year after year, upon
adequate food and fiber that only stable crop production can supply. Many
countries have neither an adequate nor a stable agricultural production
system - malnutrition and a host of other health-related problems result.
Stable production of agricultural products depends upon many things, but
plant protection from losses caused by pests is a very critical one.
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1
1. The author is arguing for the need for
A. adequate food
B. stable crop production
C. plant protection
D. sharing of food among nations
E. pest management
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e
0
B
Correct.
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wrong answer explanation
B
(E) He is arguing for pest control.
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NEW SET
B
Pest numbers are legion and may take many forms. Man has always
sought means to cope with pest-induced problems. These operations involve
protecting man's health, comfort, esthetic values, and freedom from
annoyance, but certainly protecting domestic animals, crops, forests, and
other property is one of the most important.
Insect problems are not unique to modern civilization. Graphic
accounts of insect attack are found in literature of the ancient Hebrew,
Egyptian, and Greek civilizations.
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1
1. The author cites all of the following as reasons for pest management
EXCEPT protecting
A. individuals' freedoms
B. domestic animals
C. crops
D. property
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a
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C
Correct.
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wrong answer explanation
C
(A) Pest control is not needed to protect individuals' freedoms.
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NEW SET
C
Early attempts to cope with pest problems were largely ineffective,
at best feeble, and man was forced to share his abode, body, and food
supply. Concentrated efforts to control a variety of organisms largely
began with the development of agriculture, more or less 10,000 years ago,
and permanent settlements. Early efforts were poor, some dealing with
mysticism, but gradually a few chemicals were discovered, sulfur, for
example, with moderate to good effectiveness on certain pests.
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1
1. Efforts to control pests began with
A. permanent settlements
B. mysticism
C. the development of agriculture
D. A and B
E. A and C
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e
0
D
Correct.
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wrong answer explanation
D
(E) Permanent settlements and agriculture both led to pest control efforts.
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NEW SET
D
In the mid-1940's, the first synthetic organic pesticides began to
appear, and opened a new era in pest control. Insecticides, more than
other pesticides, were applied repeatedly, often with little thought or
information on whether the application was really necessary. Gradually
problems began to evolve from such heavy dependence upon insecticides.
The potential hazards from repeated use cause serious social concerns
about effects on human health and the environment.
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1
1. The author cites the mid-1940's as
A. a time of concern about human health
B. a time of concern about the environment
C. a time of development of new pesticides
D. A and B
E. A and C
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c
0
E
Correct.
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wrong answer explanation
E
(C) This was an era of new pesticide development.
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NEW SET
E
The general lack of selectivity of insecticides between pest and
beneficial species created problems. Beneficial insects - parasites and
predators - along with insect disease, provide a large degree of natural
control of many pest species. Removal of such desirable organisms often
resulted in secondary pest problems developing, and in primary pest
populations quickly rebuilding to damaging levels. Thus, more insecticide
was needed and sometimes a treadmill of treatment resulted.
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1
1. The author states that insecticides
A. provide a large degree of natural control
B. create new problems
C. result in higher primary pest populations
D. result in increased insect disease
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b
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F
Correct.
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wrong answer explanation
F
(B) Insecticides can cause new problems.
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NEW SET
F
Other tactics are needed and, in fact, some old and newly developed
tactics are available and being used in field practice. Integrated pest
management was the term given the developing management systems. This
is simply a program, recognizing the complex biological nature of
agricultural crops, in which all techniques of managing pests are
integrated into a systems approach so each control method or tactic used
complements the other.
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1
1. The author argues for
A. abandoning chemical pesticides
B. integrated pest management
C. using predators to control pest populations
D. using chemical insecticides
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b
0
G
Correct.
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wrong answer explanation
G
(B) The author suggests that various means be integrated for maximum success.
end